<?php

namespace OpenSpout\Common\Helper;

use OpenSpout\Common\Exception\EncodingConversionException;

/**
 * This class provides helper functions to work with encodings.
 */
class EncodingHelper
{
    /** Definition of the encodings that can have a BOM */
    public const ENCODING_UTF8 = 'UTF-8';
    public const ENCODING_UTF16_LE = 'UTF-16LE';
    public const ENCODING_UTF16_BE = 'UTF-16BE';
    public const ENCODING_UTF32_LE = 'UTF-32LE';
    public const ENCODING_UTF32_BE = 'UTF-32BE';

    /** Definition of the BOMs for the different encodings */
    public const BOM_UTF8 = "\xEF\xBB\xBF";
    public const BOM_UTF16_LE = "\xFF\xFE";
    public const BOM_UTF16_BE = "\xFE\xFF";
    public const BOM_UTF32_LE = "\xFF\xFE\x00\x00";
    public const BOM_UTF32_BE = "\x00\x00\xFE\xFF";

    /** @var \OpenSpout\Common\Helper\GlobalFunctionsHelper Helper to work with global functions */
    protected $globalFunctionsHelper;

    /** @var array Map representing the encodings supporting BOMs (key) and their associated BOM (value) */
    protected $supportedEncodingsWithBom;

    /**
     * @param \OpenSpout\Common\Helper\GlobalFunctionsHelper $globalFunctionsHelper
     */
    public function __construct($globalFunctionsHelper)
    {
        $this->globalFunctionsHelper = $globalFunctionsHelper;

        $this->supportedEncodingsWithBom = [
            self::ENCODING_UTF8 => self::BOM_UTF8,
            self::ENCODING_UTF16_LE => self::BOM_UTF16_LE,
            self::ENCODING_UTF16_BE => self::BOM_UTF16_BE,
            self::ENCODING_UTF32_LE => self::BOM_UTF32_LE,
            self::ENCODING_UTF32_BE => self::BOM_UTF32_BE,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of bytes to use as offset in order to skip the BOM.
     *
     * @param resource $filePointer Pointer to the file to check
     * @param string   $encoding    Encoding of the file to check
     *
     * @return int Bytes offset to apply to skip the BOM (0 means no BOM)
     */
    public function getBytesOffsetToSkipBOM($filePointer, $encoding)
    {
        $byteOffsetToSkipBom = 0;

        if ($this->hasBOM($filePointer, $encoding)) {
            $bomUsed = $this->supportedEncodingsWithBom[$encoding];

            // we skip the N first bytes
            $byteOffsetToSkipBom = \strlen($bomUsed);
        }

        return $byteOffsetToSkipBom;
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to convert a non UTF-8 string into UTF-8.
     *
     * @param string $string         Non UTF-8 string to be converted
     * @param string $sourceEncoding The encoding used to encode the source string
     *
     * @throws \OpenSpout\Common\Exception\EncodingConversionException If conversion is not supported or if the conversion failed
     *
     * @return string The converted, UTF-8 string
     */
    public function attemptConversionToUTF8($string, $sourceEncoding)
    {
        return $this->attemptConversion($string, $sourceEncoding, self::ENCODING_UTF8);
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to convert a UTF-8 string into the given encoding.
     *
     * @param string $string         UTF-8 string to be converted
     * @param string $targetEncoding The encoding the string should be re-encoded into
     *
     * @throws \OpenSpout\Common\Exception\EncodingConversionException If conversion is not supported or if the conversion failed
     *
     * @return string The converted string, encoded with the given encoding
     */
    public function attemptConversionFromUTF8($string, $targetEncoding)
    {
        return $this->attemptConversion($string, self::ENCODING_UTF8, $targetEncoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the file identified by the given pointer has a BOM.
     *
     * @param resource $filePointer Pointer to the file to check
     * @param string   $encoding    Encoding of the file to check
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if the file has a BOM, FALSE otherwise
     */
    protected function hasBOM($filePointer, $encoding)
    {
        $hasBOM = false;

        $this->globalFunctionsHelper->rewind($filePointer);

        if (\array_key_exists($encoding, $this->supportedEncodingsWithBom)) {
            $potentialBom = $this->supportedEncodingsWithBom[$encoding];
            $numBytesInBom = \strlen($potentialBom);

            $hasBOM = ($this->globalFunctionsHelper->fgets($filePointer, $numBytesInBom + 1) === $potentialBom);
        }

        return $hasBOM;
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to convert the given string to the given encoding.
     * Depending on what is installed on the server, we will try to iconv or mbstring.
     *
     * @param string $string         string to be converted
     * @param string $sourceEncoding The encoding used to encode the source string
     * @param string $targetEncoding The encoding the string should be re-encoded into
     *
     * @throws \OpenSpout\Common\Exception\EncodingConversionException If conversion is not supported or if the conversion failed
     *
     * @return string The converted string, encoded with the given encoding
     */
    protected function attemptConversion($string, $sourceEncoding, $targetEncoding)
    {
        // if source and target encodings are the same, it's a no-op
        if ($sourceEncoding === $targetEncoding) {
            return $string;
        }

        $convertedString = null;

        if ($this->canUseIconv()) {
            $convertedString = $this->globalFunctionsHelper->iconv($string, $sourceEncoding, $targetEncoding);
        } elseif ($this->canUseMbString()) {
            $convertedString = $this->globalFunctionsHelper->mb_convert_encoding($string, $sourceEncoding, $targetEncoding);
        } else {
            throw new EncodingConversionException("The conversion from {$sourceEncoding} to {$targetEncoding} is not supported. Please install \"iconv\" or \"PHP Intl\".");
        }

        if (false === $convertedString) {
            throw new EncodingConversionException("The conversion from {$sourceEncoding} to {$targetEncoding} failed.");
        }

        return $convertedString;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether "iconv" can be used.
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if "iconv" is available and can be used, FALSE otherwise
     */
    protected function canUseIconv()
    {
        return $this->globalFunctionsHelper->function_exists('iconv');
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether "mb_string" functions can be used.
     * These functions come with the PHP Intl package.
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if "mb_string" functions are available and can be used, FALSE otherwise
     */
    protected function canUseMbString()
    {
        return $this->globalFunctionsHelper->function_exists('mb_convert_encoding');
    }
}
